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文化交流中心：巨大的城市客廳
MéCA Cultural Center / BIG
來(lái)自建筑事務(wù)所的描述：MéCA文化中心全稱(chēng)為“Maison de l’économie Créative et de la Culture en Aquitaine”，面積18000平方米，為當(dāng)代藝術(shù)、電影、表演構(gòu)成了活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所，為波爾多帶來(lái)了海濱到城市充滿(mǎn)藝術(shù)氣息和全新功能的公共空間。建筑位于Garonne河與Saint-Jean火車(chē)站之間，MéCA文化中心將三個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)厮囆g(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)合起來(lái)，分別是FRAC當(dāng)代藝術(shù)中心、ALCA電影文學(xué)影視藝術(shù)中心、OARA表演藝術(shù)中心，為這座聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織城市帶來(lái)了藝術(shù)盛宴。
Text description provided by the architects. The new 18,000 m2 Maison de l’économie Créative et de la Culture en Aquitaine, MéCA, creates a frame for the celebration of contemporary art, film, and performances, giving Bordeaux the gift of art-filled public space from the waterfront to the city’s new urban room. Centrally located between the River Garonne and Saint-Jean train station, MéCA, brings together three regional arts agencies – FRAC for contemporary art, ALCA for cinema, literature, and audiovisuals, and OARA for performing arts – into a loop, cementing the UNESCO-listed city as the epicenter for culture.
這座建筑如同文化機(jī)構(gòu)與公共空間的環(huán)線(xiàn)，廊道如同去往城市起居空間的交通坡道，從建筑的立面一側(cè)，人們可以看到OARA的舞臺(tái)塔樓和ALCA的辦公場(chǎng)所，另外還有FRAC天光展廳所環(huán)繞的屋面。一系列臺(tái)階與坡道將人們引導(dǎo)至面積為1100平方米的室外“城市客廳”，這個(gè)區(qū)域位于MéCA文化中心的核心部分，在Quai de Paludate大街與河畔給參觀(guān)者帶來(lái)了自由的空間場(chǎng)所。7米高的MéCA標(biāo)識(shí)系統(tǒng)通過(guò)LED燈光而點(diǎn)亮，就如同在“城市客廳”規(guī)模之下的現(xiàn)代化吊燈。在特殊活動(dòng)期間，MéCA室外空間能夠用作音樂(lè)會(huì)等表演的舞臺(tái)，也可以用作各項(xiàng)展覽的室外展區(qū)。法國(guó)藝術(shù)家Beno?t Maire的長(zhǎng)期青銅雕塑作品與河畔入口相結(jié)合，似乎在暗示參觀(guān)者對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)匚幕乃伎肌?
The building is conceived as a single loop of cultural institutions and public space by extruding the pavement of the promenade to become the ramp that leads into the urban living room, the fa?ade with glimpses into the stage towers of OARA and the offices of ALCA, and the rooftop enclosing the sky-lit galleries of FRAC. A series of steps and ramps lead the public directly into the 1,100 m2 outdoor urban room at the core of MéCA, creating a porous institution for visitors to roam freely between the Quai de Paludate street to the river promenade. A 7m high MéCA sign illuminates the space with white LED lights, like a modern chandelier at the scale of the urban room. During special occasions, MéCA’s outdoor spaces can be transformed into a stage for concerts and theatrical spectacles or an extended gallery for sculptures and other art installations. A permanent bronze sculpture depicting a half-head of Hermes by French artist Beno?t Maire intersects with the entrance on the riverside, inviting visitors to reflect on the contemporary culture of the region.
參觀(guān)者從地面層進(jìn)入MéCA文化中心之后，便會(huì)來(lái)到大廳，在這里他們可以感受到休閑氣息的螺旋樓梯，他們還可以在Le CREM餐廳休息進(jìn)食，餐廳中有紅色家具和軟木椅，這些家具都由BIG建筑事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)，呼應(yīng)了城市的葡萄酒文化。參觀(guān)者可以通過(guò)餐廳與電梯旁側(cè)的巨大望遠(yuǎn)鏡看到室外“城市客廳”的各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，讓內(nèi)外空間得以交流對(duì)話(huà)。在地面層，參觀(guān)者可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)在250座的劇場(chǎng)欣賞表演，劇場(chǎng)中結(jié)合有靈活的座椅與聲學(xué)系統(tǒng)，它們應(yīng)用了全黑色混凝土、木材、穿孔金屬面板制作而成。在上部樓層，觀(guān)影者可以在ALCA的紅色80座電影院欣賞電影，也可以參觀(guān)辦公室等區(qū)域。
Upon entering MéCA from the ground floor, visitors arrive at the lobby where they can relax in the spiral pit or dine at the restaurant Le CREM, furnished with red furniture and cork chairs designed by BIG in reference to the city known for wine. A giant periscope by the restaurant and elevators allows visitors to see the activity in the outdoor urban room and vise-versa, creating an indoor-outdoor dialogue. On the same ground floor, those with tickets can enjoy performances in OARA’s 250-seat theatre featuring flexible seating configurations and acoustic systems optimized by an all-black checkerboard panel of concrete, wood and perforated metal. Upstairs, filmgoers can view screenings at ALCA’s red-accented 80-seat cinema or visit the two production offices and project incubation area.
FRAC位于上部樓層，有著7米高的展覽空間、藝術(shù)家工作室、存儲(chǔ)設(shè)施、90座禮堂、咖啡廳。屋頂露臺(tái)的面積約為850平方米，這類(lèi)可以用作室外展覽區(qū)，在這里會(huì)進(jìn)行大型藝術(shù)裝置展覽，人們可以在這里欣賞城市美景。MéCA文化中心的建筑立面由4800塊預(yù)制混凝土面板組合而成，其中設(shè)置有不同大小的窗戶(hù)，從而控制進(jìn)入建筑內(nèi)部的光線(xiàn)，同時(shí)也構(gòu)成一定的透明性。混凝土面板的重量達(dá)到1.6噸，對(duì)其進(jìn)行了噴砂處理，使其原有特征直接裸露，并用波爾多當(dāng)?shù)氐纳皫r在表面紋理。溫暖的陽(yáng)光輕撫建筑，MéCA文化中心就如同城市的一員，表達(dá)著當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕瘹庀ⅰ?
FRAC occupies the upper floors with 7m high exhibition spaces, production studios for artists, storage facilities, 90-seat auditorium and café. The 850 m2 public roof terrace serves as a flexible extension to the exhibition spaces, allowing future large-scale art installations and performances to be placed outdoors amid views of the city and the Basilica of St. Michael. MéCA’s fa?ade is composed almost entirely of 4,800 prefabricated concrete panels interspersed with windows of various sizes to control the amount of light entering inside and to create a sense of transparency. The concrete slabs, which weigh up to 1.6 tons, are sandblasted to expose its raw qualities and to texture the surface with the local sandstone of Bordeaux. Yellow granules for brightness and warmth radiate the building in the sun and integrates MéCA as a familiar yet new vernacular sight to the city.
